Process of making type-blocks for type-writing and like machines.



0. WOODWARD. PROCESS OF MAKING TYPE BLOGKS FOR TYPE WRITING AND LIKE MACHINES Patented Nov. 3, 1914.

' APPLIOATION FILED MAY 6, 1911.

N o' E o- L:

WWNEEISEE: 5%M WM tljmwav INVENTUR 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OSCAR woonwann, on MonrcLArR, NEW

MENTS, T0 REMINGTONVTYPEWRITER narrow on NEW YORK.

PROCESS OF MAKING TYPE-BLOCKS non TYPE-WRITING ANDLIKE MACHINES.

I which the blocks could be attached to: the

In some instances these blocks and shanks were hardened to a like degree throughout in order to provide hard type faces that could not be easily defaced orinjured. In such constructions, however, it was found that the shanks could not be easily bent in order to afford an adjustmentof the block on the bar as is often requiredtoplace the type on its feet or for properlyalining the type. In some cases the type blocks and their shanks were made of comparatively soft metal in order to facilitate this type bars.

adjustment of the type blocks, but this proved to be disadvantageous since it resulted in the type faces being easily defaced or injured.

The main object of my invention is to overcome the above and other disadvantages a nd to provide an. improved process for making a type block having a hardened type face and a relatively soft shank, so that the shank may be easily bent to afford an adjustment of the type block on the bar injured or defaced.

A further objectof invention is to proride a comparatively simple, inexpensive and eflicient process bv' wh'ich the small type blocks with hardtype faces andrelatively I soft integral shanks may be produced in large uantities.

To -t 1e hereinafter appear, the process of making type blocks to be here inafter described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings whereinlike reference characters indicate corresponding parts in the different views, Figurel is a perspective view of a blank stampedgout of'sheet metal.

' Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed May e, 1911.

and yet provide a hard type face, and one which is not easily above and otherends Which will my IIIVGIltlOll consists of JERSEY, assrenoa, BY MEsnE nssrem seriai xm. 25,496.

moved. Fig. blank after Flgzt is a likeview of the blank after the .3 is a perspective view of the tlve view of the blank after it has been submitted to pack-annealing. Fig.6 is alike and from which the type block and its integral shank is made. Fig. 2 is'a like view of the same after ithas been tumbled and. the sharp corners andjedges have beenreit has been pressed to, flatten it.

COMPANY, or rtronplvnw yearn/ 'oonro- -Patented Now 3,1914. a

View of the blank after a has been nickel plated. Fig. '7 is a perspectiveview of the blank has beenrnilled ofi. Fig. 8 is afj er shank hasbeen turned. Fig.5 1s a perspecspectiveview, looking towardthe face 0 the type block, after the types havebeen formed perspective view perspective view thereon. Fig. 9 is a bottom of thesame. Fig. 10 is ,a of the type block after the sides thereof have been ground off. Fig. the finished type block.

The typeblocks arefirst formed in blanks suchas that represented in Fig. l by stamping the blanks outof sheet metal of mild or 11 is a. like view of,

soft steel. Each blank, as Willbe seen, com- 1,

prlses a body portion 1 whichconstitutesa type block proper and an integral shank 2 by which thetype block is to be connectedto its type bar or carrier. I

In the accompanying shown the blanks at different stages inthe processof manufa cture, beginning with the and ending; with the completed type block ngFig; 1, are then tumbledto remove the ingthem as represented inig. 2. The act slightly bowed as indicated in Figs. 1' and-2 and after the blanks have been tumbled they are pressed "on the sides thereof between flat faces to flatten theblanks, as represented in Fig. The blanks next 2 turnedas represented in Fig. 4 onan auto: matic, machine employed for this purpose,

drawings I have sharp corners and edges thereof thus, -leavof punching- 0m the [blanks leaves them h ave their shanks blank shownin Fig; 1 as it is first formed shown in Fig. 11,'ready for connection to its type bar. The blanks, formed as represented p i I so that a shank of frusto-conical form is prov vided for its reception in a corresponding opening in the typebar. y j I After the shanks have been turned, as represented in Fig. 4, they. are inspected and any imperfect ones are thrown out. The

65. g blankafter the'face of the nickel plated thereof may be subsequentlyeffectively bardened, as willhereinafter more clearly appear. If the character of the stock from which the blan {S are mad-e is such that it conresented in Fig. 0;

tains the requisite amount of carbon and also is sufficiently soft after having been treated in the manner described preliminary to the formation of the type face, so that the type face may be properly formed thereon, then the step 'of pack-annealing may be omitted. In practice,however,l prefer to employ the annealing step since it is difficult to obtain metal having the requisites referred to above. After pack-annealing, the blanks are plated, coated or covered with suitable material as for example with nickel pl ating,.as is intended to be repthe nickel plating covof the type block and itsintegral shank. After nickel plating the blanks, eachblank has its face 6 milled off, as represented in Fig. 7 In this view and others the parallel hatch lines are intended to represent the exposed metal from which the type block and its shank are formed,

ering every surface whereas the unshaded portions are intended to represent the nickel plating. The blanks with their faces milled, as represented in' Fig. 7, are then submitted to a cold pressing process by which the raised type faces 3 are formed. These type faces are formed in the ordinary or any desired manner, such for example as in the manner disclosed in the patent to L. A. Diss No. 923,252, dated June 1, 1,909. In the act of forming the type faces the metal is spread to form'a bur or flash 4ron all sides of the type block. removed by grind- This bur is afterward ing the sides of the type block, as represented in Fig. 10. liter the bur or flash is removed the sides 5 of the type block, as well as the face '6 thereof and the raised type faces 3, will have thebody of the metal from which the type block is formed exposed, 'whereas the underside T and the shank 2 of the type block will be covered with nickel plating. After each of the blocks has its sides ground in the manner shown in Fig. 10, to cementation, by first coating the blocks with what I term a cementing material,

such for example as cyanid of potassium.

for instance as the ment of the type the blocks are subjected VVhileI have referred to the use of cyanid of potassum it should be understood that any suitable so-called cementing material may be used that will affect the exposed parts of the metal and willjnot affect the parts of the block that are covered, coated or plated with nickel or other suitable material. The blocks after being coated with a cementing material are heated and then quenched to harden only so much of each type block as has the nickel plating removed therefrom and where the body. of the metal from which thetype block is formed has been exposed to the action of the cementing material, as represented .in Fig.- 10'." It follows, therefore, that the'hardening by cementation in the manner described is effective only on the sides 5, the face Sand the type faces 3 of" the type-block, whereas the shank which is covered with a protecting coat of nickel plate remainscomparatively soft and may be easily bent in order to afford an adjustblock relatively to the type bar which carries it. The type faces and the body portion of the block being thus liar dened, there is little liability of the type faces being defaced or injured. Vhile' a mere case hardening is preferred the depth of the action of the cementing material on the exposed portion of each type block will of course depend on circumstances and from certain aspects of the present invention it is immaterial to what depth the hardness extends in the block so long as the type face is hardand the stem relatively soft.

After the type blocks have been hardened in the-manner described, they are, or may be, again-nickel plated over their entire surfaces, as represented in Fig. 11, which shows the type block in completed condition.

It will be understood that I have provided a simple and efiicient process, of producing type blocks with hardened type faces and comparatively soft shanks by which they, may be connected to the type bars or carrims, and which soft shanks afford an easy adjustment of the blocks by bending the shanks. 9

It is desirable to remove the face of the type block by milling it in the manner indicated in Fig. I in order that the raised type faces may be more clearly defined on the type blQClL' It is likewise desirable to remove the bur 4 from thetype block in order to present These two desirable steps in the process of manufacture are taken advantage of toremove parts of the nickel plating previously applied to the blank in order to expose to the action of the cyanid of potassium or other cementing material only those portions of the typeblock which it it desired to case harden. It will also be'unde'rstood that in accordance with my present invention the small type blocks may be hardened it in a finished manner.

on their type faces in bulk; handling is unnecessary and that a simple, inexpensive and efficient process is provided.

While I have described with considerable detail the various steps employed in the process of manufacturing type blocks in accordance with. my present invention, it should be understood that various changes may be made in the process without departing from the invention as defined in the claims. I

V hat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The process of making type blocks for the typebars of typewriting'machines, the process consisting in forming plain-faced blocks, each being a dened metal, then converting those blocks into type blocks having plated shanks and unplated printing faces, and then treating the blocks with cementation-material and heating and cooling them.

The process of making type blocks for the type bars of typewriting machines, the ln'ocess consisting in formingyplain-faced blocks, each being a single piece of unhardened metal, then plating the blocks, then milling off their faces, then forming type on the milled faces by pressing the metal cold, then grinding off the burs formed on the blocks by the pressing operation, and then applying cementation-material to the blocks and heating and cooling them.

3. The process of making type blocks for the type bars of typewriting machines, this process consisting in forming from unhardened metal, blocks having type on their faces and plated shanks thin enough to en able them to be bent readily, and then coating the partly plated blocks with cementatron-material and heating and cooling them.

4. The process of making type blocks for the type bars of typewriting machines, this in forming plain-faced blocks, each composed of a single piece of unhardened metal and comprising a bod and shank, then converting these blocks into type blocks having type on their faces and plated shanks thin enough to enable them to be bent readily, and then coating the partly plated blocks with cementation-material and heating and cooling them. I r

The process of making type blocks for the type bars of typewriting machines, this that separate single piece of unhar the partly plated blocks process consisting in forming plain-faced blocks, each. composed of a single piece of unhardened metal and comprising a body and a shank thin enough to enable it to be then forming type on their in forming plain-faced then entirely plating them, then re r moving the plating that'covers their faces,

then forming type on their faces, and then coating the partly plated blocks with cementation-material and heating and cooling them.-

7. The process of making type blocks for the type bars of typewriting machines, this process consisting in forming plain-faced blocks, each composed of a single piece of I unhardened metal and comprising a bod and a shank thineriough to enable it to be bent readily, then entirely plating these blocks, then removing the plating that covers their faces, then forming type on their faces, then applying cyanid of potassium and heating and quenching to these blocks them. y

8. The process of making type blocks for the type process consisting in forming plain faced hardenedmetal, then entirely plating the blocks with suitable material, then removing the plating from and forming type on the faces of the blocks, and then coating with cementationmaterial and heating and cooling them.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county of New York, and State of-New York, this 5th day of May, A. D. 1911.

OSCAR WOODWARD. Witnesses CHARLES E. SMITH, E. M. VVELLs.

. Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0.

9'0 3 bars of typewritingmachines, the;

blocks, each being a single piece of un v 

